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Produk dan Akad Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia

Sejak dikeluarkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 tentang Perbankan yang kemudian diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998, sistem perbankan nasional Indonesia telah mengenalkan dual banking system, di mana lembaga perbankan dapat menjalankan kegiatan usaha berdasarkan prinsip syariah atau tanpa bunga di samping menjalankan kegiatan usaha secara konvensional (berdasarkan sistem bunga). Di bawah Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, dual banking system tersebut dilaksanakan oleh bank umum dan bank perkreditan rakyat. Pada waktu itu di bawah Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 masih belum diperkenalkan istilah "bank syariah" atau "perbankan syariah" seperti saat ini, tetapi menggunakan istilah "bank berdasarkan prinsip bagi hasil" sebagai padanan istilah dari "bank Islam". Kini melalui perubahan oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 secara tegas diperkenalkan istilah "bank berdasarkan prinsip syariah", "bank syariah", atau "perbankan syariah" yang dapat dipraktikkan, baik oleh bank umum maupun bank perkreditan rakyat. Dalam perubahan oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 diberikan kemungkinan kepada bank umum yang melaksanakan kegiatan usaha secara konvensional untuk membuka kantor bank tersendiri, yang dapat melaksanakan kegiatan usaha berdasarkan prinsip syariah. Jika dibandingkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992, Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 telah "melegitimasi sistem islamic windows bagi bank umum konvensional. Sebaliknya, bagi bank umum syariah tidak diberikan "keleluasaan" seperti halnya bank umum konvensional yang dapat pula melakukan praktik sistem islamic window secara berdampingan dengan praktik perbankan konvensional. Dengan diperkenalkannya perbankan nasional berdasarkan sistem islamic window, maka diharapkan secara bertahap industri perbankan nasional dapat membuka, mengubah, dan meningkatkan status kantor bank konvensionalnya dalam rangka untuk melaksanakan kegiatan usaha berdasarkan prinsip syariah.

... (salam), hendaknya ia melakukan dengan takaran yang jelas dan timbangan yang jelas, untuk jangka waktu yang diketahui." Menurut Ibnul Munzir "Ulama sepakat atas kebolehan jual beli dengan cara salam. Di samping itu, cara tersebut juga ...

The Sociology of Islam

Secularism, Economy and Politics

Attempts to make a connection between the economic system and its social and political consequences within Muslim societies. To do this, this book examines the role of Islam within Muslim societies in the context of neoliberal economic processes in a globalized world.

To do this, this book examines the role of Islam within Muslim societies in the context of neoliberal economic processes in a globalized world.

The Political Economy of the Middle East: Islamic economics

The third in a series on the middle East, this volume deals with the way in which Islamic economists believe that an economic system should reflect religious values, rather than a society's values being determined by the economic system.

The third in a series on the middle East, this volume deals with the way in which Islamic economists believe that an economic system should reflect religious values, rather than a society's values being determined by the economic system.

The Political Economy of the Middle East: Islamic economics

The third in a series on the middle East, this volume deals with the way in which Islamic economists believe that an economic system should reflect religious values, rather than a society's values being determined by the economic system.

The third in a series on the middle East, this volume deals with the way in which Islamic economists believe that an economic system should reflect religious values, rather than a society's values being determined by the economic system.

The Nuremberg Military Tribunals and the Origins of International Criminal Law

This book provides the first comprehensive legal analysis of the twelve war crimes trials held in the American zone of occupation between 1946 and 1949, collectively known as the Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMTs). The judgments the NMTs produced have played a critical role in the development of international criminal law, particularly in terms of how courts currently understand war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression. The trials are also of tremendous historical importance, because they provide a far more comprehensive picture of Nazi atrocities than their more famous predecessor, the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg (IMT). The IMT focused exclusively on the 'major war criminals'-the Goerings, the Hesses, the Speers. The NMTs, by contrast, prosecuted doctors, lawyers, judges, industrialists, bankers-the private citizens and lower-level functionaries whose willingness to take part in the destruction of millions of innocents manifested what Hannah Arendt famously called 'the banality of evil'. The book is divided into five sections. The first section traces the evolution of the twelve NMT trials. The second section discusses the law, procedure, and rules of evidence applied by the tribunals, with a focus on the important differences between Law No. 10 and the Nuremberg Charter. The third section, the heart of the book, provides a systematic analysis of the tribunals' jurisprudence. It covers Law No. 10's core crimes-crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity-as well as the crimes of conspiracy and membership in a criminal organization. The fourth section then examines the modes of participation and defenses that the tribunals recognized. The final section deals with sentencing, the aftermath of the trials, and their historical legacy.

This book provides the first comprehensive legal analysis of the twelve war crimes trials held in the American zone of occupation between 1946 and 1949, collectively known as the Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMTs).