Sebanyak 142 item atau buku ditemukan

Ancestor Worship and Korean Society

The study of ancestor worship has an eminent pedigree in two disciplines: social anthropology and folklore (Goody 1962: 14-25; Newell 1976; Fortes 1976; Takeda 1976). Despite obvious differences in geographical specialization and intellectual orientation, researchers in both fields have shared a common approach to this subject: both have tried to relate the ancestor cult of a given society to its family and kin-group organization. Such a method is to be expected of social anthropologists, given the nature of their discipline; but even the Japanese folklorist Yanagita Kunio, whose approach to folk culture stems from historical and nationalist concerns, began his work on ancestors with a discussion of Japan's descent system and family structure (Yanagita 1946). Indeed, connections between ancestor cults and social relations are obvious. As we pursue this line of analysis, we shall see that rural Koreans themselves are quite sophisticated about such matters. Many studies of ancestor cults employ a combination of social and psychological approaches to explain the personality traits attributed to the dead by their living kin. Particular attention has long been given to explaining the hostile or punitive character of the deceased in many societies (Freud 1950; Opler 1936; Gough 1958; Fortes 1965). Only recently, however, has the popularity of such beliefs been recognized in China, Korea, and Japan (Ahern 1973; A. Wolf 1974b; Kendall 1977; 1979; Yoshida 1967; Kerner 1976; Lebra 1976). The earliest and most influential studies of ancestor cults in East Asia, produced by native scholars (Hozumi 1913; Yanagita 1946; Hsu 1948), overemphasize the benign and protective qualities of ancestors. Some regional variations notwithstanding, this earlier bias appears to reflect a general East Asian reluctance to acknowledge instances of ancestral affliction. Such reticence is not found in all societies with ancestor cults, however; nor, in Korea, China, and Japan, is it equally prevalent among men and women. Therefore, we seek not only to identify the social experiences that give rise to beliefs in ancestral hostility, but to explain the concomitant reluctance to acknowledge these beliefs and its varying intensity throughout East Asia. In view of the limited amount of ethnographic data available from Korea, we have not attempted a comprehensive assessment of the ancestor cult in Korean society; instead we have kept our focus on a single kin group. We have drawn on data from other communities, however, in order to separate what is apparently true of Korea in general from what may be peculiar to communities like Twisongdwi, a village of about three hundred persons that was the site of our fieldwork. In this task, we benefited substantially from three excellent studies of Korean ancestor worship and lineage organization (Lee Kwang-Kyu 1977a; Choi Jai-seuk 1966a; Kim Taik-Kyoo 1964) and from two recent accounts of Korean folk religion and ideology (Dix 1977; Kendall 1979). Yet we are still a long way from a comprehensive understanding of how Korean beliefs and practices have changed over time, correlate with different levels of class status, or are affected by regional variations in Korean culture and social organization. Because we want to provide a monograph accessible to a rather diverse readership, we avoid using Korean words and disciplinary terminology whenever possible. Where a Korean term is particularly important, we give it in parentheses immediately after its English translation. Korean-alphabet orthographies for these words appear in the Character List, with Chinese-character equivalents for terms of Chinese derivation. As for disciplinary terminology, we have adopted only the anthropological term "lineage," which is of central importance to our study. We use "lineage" to denote an organized group of persons linked through exclusively male ties (agnatically) to an ancestor who lived at least four generations ago

joyed supremacy for centuries, but similar practices are occasionally reported. Taoist priests and other deities are sometimes found in place of Buddhist accouterments (Hsu 1948: 52, 183-84; Day 1940: 29-31; Jordan 1972: 94; ...

Participating in Worship

History, Theory, and Practice

Transcending the common distinctions between high church/low church and formal/informal, this book argues for a balance in the patterns and various levels of worship participation, giving all Christians a fresh look at worship as a whole. Craig Erickson discusses the elements of participation in detail, setting historical and theological insights within a comprehensive theory of liturgical participation. He enables students, ministers, and congregations to understand the historical significance of the elements of worship and offers useful suggestions for strengthening Christian worship.

Transcending the common distinctions between high church/low church and formal/informal, this book argues for a balance in the patterns and various levels of worship participation, giving all Christians a fresh look at worship as a whole.

Worship and Christian Identity

Practicing Ourselves

Develops the claim that sacramental and liturgical practices are central means by which a Church shapes the faith, character and consciousness of its members. Explores the relationship between worship and belief, the relationship between corporate worship and the formation of Christian persons and communities within ecclesial tradition, and the relationship between worship and our knowledge of ourselves, our world and God. Argues that attention to the reform and renewal of worship and sacramental practice provides a framework for the theological, evangelical and sacramental renewal of mainline Protestant Churches.

These patterns and practices of relatedness have variously per- mitted the church to be co - opted by the dominant cultural powers , such as we find in the Constantinian church , or to stand in critical tension with those dominant ...

قصائد حب عربية

Full Arabic and English Texts

This translation of Nizar Kabbani's poetry is accompanied by the striking Arabic texts of the poems, penned by Kabbani especially for this collection. Kabbani was a poet of great simplicity - direct, spontaneous, musical, using the language of everyday life. He was a ceasless campaigner for women's rights, and his verses praise the beauty of the female body, and of love. He was an Arab nationalist, yet he criticized Arab dictators and the lack of freedom in the Arab world.

This translation of Nizar Kabbani's poetry is accompanied by the striking Arabic texts of the poems, penned by Kabbani especially for this collection.

Conscience of Prosecutors in International Criminal Law

The Heart of the Matter

This book evaluates the resting pulse of national and international criminal justice in conjunction with the actual definition of the truth which burdens prosecutors. Prosecutors have several valuable, yet inconspicuous tasks which are significant to criminal procedure. In criminal justice, the conscience of justice is based on the pursuit of the truth by using evidence. As a rule of genuine judgment, we seek to discuss the principle of truth and its enforcement in the proceedings of criminal justice. The visual perception of moral law and its imperative function governing the theory of ethical obligations, responsibilities, and duties of the prosecutor in the criminal jurisdiction therefore represents the primary starting point for all of our judgments. Prosecutors should actively ensure that both powerful and powerless criminals are brought to justice. The main objective of the statute of the permanent International Criminal Court (ICC) claims to uphold the high moral precedent which must be set by the Office of the Prosecutor. However, the actual practice of the ICC has instead led to millions of deaths, including those of innocent children, as well as the destruction of countries whose protection is not considered to be in "the interest of justice". If the ICC wishes to establish justice for victims, then the deterrence of impunity for any criminal should be its priority. The ICC should not become a pawn of the political superpowers or the platform through which the prosecutor can misuse classified documents to serve their personal interests. The ultimate nature of justice cannot be comprehensive if impartial validity is not the permanent foundation of the core pillars in all criminal proceedings. This book is recommended to anyone who concerns themselves with legal questions of criminal justice and its efficacy.

This book evaluates the resting pulse of national and international criminal justice in conjunction with the actual definition of the truth which burdens prosecutors.

Dynamic Interpretation in International Criminal Law

Striking a Balance between Stability and Change

The interpretive process in International Criminal Law (›ICL‹) is characterised by a conflict between the requirements for stability and change. On the one hand, ICL provides for the ›criminal‹ responsibility of individuals. Thus, there is an enhanced requirement for legal certainty: According to the principle of legality, the addressee of the law must be able to identify the prohibited conduct in advance in order to be able to avoid criminal sanctions. On the other hand, however, ICL forms part of ›international‹ law. Hence, it derives to some extent from international treaties. Whereas the forms of criminal conduct are continuously evolving, treaties are rather static instruments – they cannot be adapted to a changing environment within a short period of time. Thus, reality is developing at a pace that the law cannot always match. In consequence, there is a certain need to account for evolving circumstances within the framework of interpretation. The aim of this book is to review the consequences of this conflict for the interpretation of ICL. How can the conflicting requirements be brought into balance? Can substantive rules of ICL be interpreted in a ›dynamic‹ fashion to the detriment of the accused without violating the principle of legality? How do international criminal courts and tribunals deal with this issue?

In consequence, there is a certain need to account for evolving circumstances within the framework of interpretation. The aim of this book is to review the consequences of this conflict for the interpretation of ICL.

Dollars Through the Doors

A Pre-1930 History of Bank Marketing in America

...by 1930 in America, banks had transformed themselves from passive acceptors of business to aggressive marketers and seekers of business.

...by 1930 in America, banks had transformed themselves from passive acceptors of business to aggressive marketers and seekers of business.

Principles of Management

This book includes all the basic topics of management required for any university. It contain topics like Functions of management, levels, skills, arts & science, scientific management, motivation theories, Theory X and Y, CSR, Ethics, planning, organisation structure, decision making, span of control, selection process, HRM, leadership etc. and other topics...

(v) Theory Z is based on Japanese management practices. These practices have been evolved from Japan's unique culture. Therefore, the theory may not be applicable in different cultures. 2.8 SYSTEM APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT In the 1960, ...