Here, the author, develops a type theory, studies its properties, and explains its uses in applications to computer science. In particular, type theory is shown to offer a powerful and uniform languag
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The current transition from Computer Aided Design (CAD) to Computational Design in architecture represents a profound shift in design thinking and methods. Representation is being replaced by simulati
Selengkapnya...
Students explore the idea that thinking is a form of computation by learning to write simple computer programs for tasks that require thought. This book guides students through an exploration of the i
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The increasing occurrence of natural disaster nowadays has shifted the paradigm of disaster mitigation from government centric towards society-based mitigation. This book explores the financial aspect
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Buku ini disusun untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai akad MMQ (Musyarakah Mutanaqishah) yang mendapatkan perhatian karena berbagai keunggulannya. Pemahaman yang baik terhadap akad ini sangat penting a
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Kata Musyarakah berasal dari kata syaraka-yusyriku-syarkan-syarikatan-syirkatan yang memiliki makna kerjasama atau kelompok. Bila merujuk pada definisi dari DSN MUI, Musyarakah adalah pembiayaan berda
Selengkapnya...
Here, the author, develops a type theory, studies its properties, and explains its uses in applications to computer science. In particular, type theory is shown to offer a powerful and uniform language for programming, program specification and development, and logical reasoning.
Here, the author, develops a type theory, studies its properties, and explains its uses in applications to computer science.
The current transition from Computer Aided Design (CAD) to Computational Design in architecture represents a profound shift in design thinking and methods. Representation is being replaced by simulation, and the crafting of objects is moving towards the generation of integrated systems through designer-authored computational processes. While there is a particular history of such an approach in architecture, its relative newness requires the continued progression of novel modes of design thinking for the architect of the 21st century. This AD Reader establishes a foundation for such thinking. It includes multifaceted reflections and speculations on the profound influence of computational paradigms on architecture. It presents relevant principles from the domains of mathematics and computer science, developmental and evolutionary biology, system science and philosophy, establishing a discourse for computational design thinking in architecture. Rather than a merely technical approach, the book will discuss essential intellectual concepts that are fundamental not only for a discourse on computational design but also for its practice. This anthology provides a unique collection of seminal texts by authors, who have either provided a significant starting point through which a computational approach to design has been pursued or have played a considerable role in shaping the field. An important aspect of this book is the manner in which adjacent fields and historical texts are connected. Both the source of original inspiration and scientific thought are presented alongside contemporary writings on the continually evolving computational design discourse. Emerging from the field of science, principally the subjects of morphogenesis, evolution and mathematics, selected texts provide a historical basis for a reconfigured mindset of processes that generate, arrange and describe form. Juxtaposed against more contemporary statements regarding the influence of computation on design thinking, the book offers advancements of fundamental texts to the particular purpose of establishing novel thought processes for architecture, theoretically and practically. The first reader to provide an effective framework for computational thinking in design. Includes classic texts by Johan W. von Goethe, D’Arcy Thompson, Ernst Mayr, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Gordan Pask, Christopher Alexander, John H. Holland, Nicholas Negroponte, William Mitchell, Peter J. Bentley & David W. Corne, Sanford Kwinter, John Frazer, Kostis Terzidis, Michael Weinstock and Achim Menges Features new writing by: Mark Burry, Jane Burry, Manuel DeLanda and Peter Trummer.
An important aspect of this book is the manner in which adjacent fields and historical texts are connected.
Students explore the idea that thinking is a form of computation by learning to write simple computer programs for tasks that require thought. This book guides students through an exploration of the idea that thinking might be understood as a form of computation. Students make the connection between thinking and computing by learning to write computer programs for a variety of tasks that require thought, including solving puzzles, understanding natural language, recognizing objects in visual scenes, planning courses of action, and playing strategic games. The material is presented with minimal technicalities and is accessible to undergraduate students with no specialized knowledge or technical background beyond high school mathematics. Students use Prolog (without having to learn algorithms: “Prolog without tears!”), learning to express what they need as a Prolog program and letting Prolog search for answers. After an introduction to the basic concepts, Thinking as Computation offers three chapters on Prolog, covering back-chaining, programs and queries, and how to write the sorts of Prolog programs used in the book. The book follows this with case studies of tasks that appear to require thought, then looks beyond Prolog to consider learning, explaining, and propositional reasoning. Most of the chapters conclude with short bibliographic notes and exercises. The book is based on a popular course at the University of Toronto and can be used in a variety of classroom contexts, by students ranging from first-year liberal arts undergraduates to more technically advanced computer science students.
This book guides students through an exploration of the idea that thinking might be understood as a form of computation.
The increasing occurrence of natural disaster nowadays has shifted the paradigm of disaster mitigation from government centric towards society-based mitigation. This book explores the financial aspects as crucial factors in determining better conditions in disaster situation by highlighting the viabilities of musyarakah as a social protection mechanism in time of disaster. As the oldest financial instrument in islamic economic system, musyarakah provides a financing framework which is potentially useful in disaster situations. Through field observation in Jogjakarta in the context of 2006 earthquake, it appeared that the practice of musyarakah by both social organization and financial institution has given a relief mechanism for the victims and at the same time carry out social resiliencies in responding to disaster frustration. In addition, musyarakah will remain as a mere potential without creativity and engagement of various elements in society as well as government support.
This book explores the financial aspects as crucial factors in determining better conditions in disaster situation by highlighting the viabilities of musyarakah as a social protection mechanism in time of disaster.
Buku ini disusun untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai akad MMQ (Musyarakah Mutanaqishah) yang mendapatkan perhatian karena berbagai keunggulannya. Pemahaman yang baik terhadap akad ini sangat penting agar penerapannya dapat sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah dan memberikan manfaat para pembaca, baik dari kalangan akademisi, praktisi, maupun masyarakat umum yang ingin memahami lebih dalam mengenai akad MMQ (Musyarakah Mutanaqishah). Berikutnya membahas Akad MMQ (Musyarakah Mutanaqishah), termasuk definisi, konsep hybrid contract dalam MMQ, serta berbagai pendapat ulama mengenai akad ini. Selain itu, kami juga mengulas fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI) terkait akad MMQ, sebagai dasar hukum yang digunakan dalam praktik perbankan dan lembaga keuangan syariah.
Buku ini disusun untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai akad MMQ (Musyarakah Mutanaqishah) yang mendapatkan perhatian karena berbagai keunggulannya.
Kata Musyarakah berasal dari kata syaraka-yusyriku-syarkan-syarikatan-syirkatan yang memiliki makna kerjasama atau kelompok. Bila merujuk pada definisi dari DSN MUI, Musyarakah adalah pembiayaan berdasarkan akad kerjasama antara dua pihak atau lebih untuk suatu usaha tertentu, dimana masing-masing pihak memberikan kontribusi dana dengan ketentuan bahwa keuntungan dan resiko akan ditanggung bersama sesuai dengan kesepakatan. Sehingga dalam hal ini, Akad Musyarakah menekankan pada keterlibatan dua pihak (atau lebih) yang saling memberikan kontribusi berupa dana. Lain halnya dengan Akad Mudharabah yang mana satu pihak memberikan dana sedangkan pihak lain berkontribusi dalam bentuk tenaga dan atau keahlian.
Kata Musyarakah berasal dari kata syaraka-yusyriku-syarkan-syarikatan-syirkatan yang memiliki makna kerjasama atau kelompok.
